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A
e dini se
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Tirana ndodhet 110 m mbi nivelin e detit.
Temperaturat mesatare vjetore janė : nė korrik + 24o celcius dhe
nė janar +7o celcius. Nė vit bie 1200 mm shi.
·
Tirana ndodhet nė tė njėjtin paralel me Napolin, Madritin dhe
Stambollin dhe nė tė njėjtin meridian me Budapestin dhe Krakovin.
·
Tirana u themelua mė 1614 nga Sulejman
Pasha, me origjinė nga fshati Mullet. Fillimisht ai ndėrtoi njė xhami,
njė furrė dhe njė hamam. Dy shekuj mė vonė drejtimin e qytetit e
mori familja Toptani nga Kruja.
·
Ekzistojnė kater hipoteza pėr prejardhjen e
emrit Tiranė...
1-
Tiranė mendohet se vjen nga fjala Theranda, e pėrmendur
nė burimet e lashta greke dhe latine, qė vendasit e quanin Tė
ranat, meqė fusha ishte formuar si rezultat i materialeve tė
ngurta qė sillnin ujrat nga malet pėrreth.
2- Tirana vjen nga Tirkan. Tirkan ka
qenė njė kėshtjellė nė shpat tė malit tė
Dajtit. Akoma ekzistojnė rrėnojat
e
kėsaj kėshtjelle tė lashtė qė daton fillimin
datonne fillimin e shekullit te pare para
lindjes se Krishtit, e cila mendohet te
kete qene keshtjella qe historiani
bizantin Prokop (shek. VI), e quan
keshtjella e Tirkanit
3-
Tiranė vjen nga Teheran, kryeqytet i Iranit, nė kujtim
tė njė fitoreje tė korrur nga Sulejman Pasha, (themeluesi i qytetit)
nė krye tė ushtrisė turke gjatė fushatės nė Persi.
4 -
Njė gojėdhėnė tiranase thotė se emrin e qytetit Sulejman
Pasha e mori nga njė plakė qė takoi nė vendin ku do tė ngrinte
qytetin. Pyetjes sė Sulejman Pashės se ēfarė po bėnte, plaka iu
pėrgjegj: Po tir an
! (an d.m.th. mėndafsh)
·
Lagjja e parė e Tiranės ishte ajo e
Bamit.
·
Xhamia nė qendėr tė Tiranės, e
quajtur Xhamia e Ethem Beut, filloi tė ndėrtohej mė 1789 nga
Molla beu i ardhur prej Petrelės dhe u pėrfundua mė 1821 nga i biri,
Haxhi Ethem Beu, stėrnipi i Sulejman Pashės. Pėr tė punuan
mjeshtėrit mė tė mirė tė Shqipėrisė.
·
Kulla e Sahatit u fillua nga Haxhi
Ethem Beu rreth vitit 1821-1822 dhe
u pėrfundua me ndihmat e familjeve tė
pasura tė Tiranės.
Montimi
i sahatit u bė nga familja Tufina. Mė 1928 u ble nė Gjermani nga
shteti shqiptar njė Sahat modern dhe kulla u ngrit nė lartėsinė 35
m. Gjatė Luftės sė Dytė Botėrore Sahati u dėmtua, por u rivu nė
punė nė korrik tė vitit 1946.
· Ura e Tabakėve (pėrballė Parlamentit )
daton nė shekullin XVIII.
·
Tyrbja e Kapllan Pashės (pranė
monumentit Ushtari i panjohur) ėshtė ndėrtuar nė vitin 1816.
·
Kalaja e Petrelės ndodhet 12 km nga
Tirana dhe daton nė shekullin IV para Krishtit. Formėn e saj aktuale
e mori nė shekullin e XIII nėn sundimin e Topiajve dhe mė vonė
kaloi pronė e familjes sė Kastriotėve.
·
Mali i Dajtit, nė lindje tė Tiranės
ėshtė 1612 m i lartė.
·
Tirana u shpall kryeqytet i pėrkohshėm
mė 8 shkurt 1920 nga Kongresi i Lushnjės dhe pėrfundimisht e mori
kėtė status mė 31 dhjetor 1925.
·
Tirana ėshtė kryeqendra botėrore e
bektashinjve nga viti 1925, vit kur bektashinjtė u ndaluan dhe u
pėrzunė nga Turqia.
· Rruga e Durresit eshte
hapur me
1922 dhe quhej « Nana Mbretereshe»
Per ndertimin e saj u prishen shume
shtepi e kopshte.
·
Godina ekzistuese e Parlamentit u ngrit
mė 1924 dhe fillimisht ka shėrbyer si Klubi i Oficerėve. Aty, mė 1
shtator 1928 Ahmet Zogu shpalli monarkinė.
·
Qendra e Tiranės ėshtė projektuar nga
arkitektėt tė njohur italianė tė periudhės musoliniane Florestano
de Fausto dhe Armando Brasini. Pallati i Brigadave (ish-pallati
mbretėror), godinat e Ministrive, Banka Kombėtare dhe Bashkia janė
vepra tė tyre.
·
Bulevardi « Dėshmorėt e Kombit »
ėshtė ndėrtuar nė vitin 1930 me emrin Bulevardi Zogu I. Nė
periudhėn e komunizmit pjesa nga Sheshi Skėnderbej deri tek Stacioni
i trenit u quajt Bulevardi Stalin.
·
Pallati i Kulturės, ku ndodhet Teatri i
Operas dhe Baletit dhe Biblioteka Kombėtare, u pėrfundua mė 1963.
Ai u ndėrtua mbi ish-pazarin e vjetėr tė Tiranės dhe tulla e parė
u vendos nga Hrushovi mė 1959.
·
Monumenti i Skenderbeut i ngritur
mė 1968, ėshtė vepėr e Odhise Paskalit
nė bashkėpunim me Andrea Mano dhe
Janaq Paēo. Ai u vendos me rastin e
500 vjetorit te vdekjes se heroit kombetar
·
Monumenti Nėna Shqipėri, 12 m i lartė,
u pėrurua nė varrezat « Dėshmorėt e Kombit » mė 1971.
·
Akademia e Shkencave u pėrfundua mė
prill 1972.
·
Galeria e Arteve Figurative u krijua mė
1976 dhe nė tė pėrfshihen rreth 3200 vepra tė autorėve shqiptarė
dhe tė huaj.
·
Muzeu Historik Kombėtar u ndėrtua mė
1981 dhe afresku nė ballė tė tij titullohet « Shqipėria ».
·
Qendra Ndėrkombėtare e Kulturės,
ish-muzeu Enver Hoxha u pėrurua mė 1988. « Piramida » u
projektua nga njė grup arkitektėsh nėn drejtimin e Pranvera Hoxhės
dhe Klement Kolanecit.
· Ne shek. XVII,
Tirana kishte reth 4000
banorė.
Nė vitin 1920
17.000 banorė.
1938 25.000 banorė.
1945 40.000 banorė.
1990 250.000 banorė.
Aktualisht, dyndja masive e banorėve
nga gjithė pjesėt e tjera tė vendit
drejt Metropolit, e ka ēuar popullsinė
e Tiranės mbi 700.000 banorė. |
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·
Tirana is 110 m above sea level. The
average annual temperatures are: in July 24°C and in January 7°C.
Annual rainfall is 1200mm.
·
Tirana is on the same parallel as Naples,
Madrid and Istanbul and on the same meridian as Budapest and Krakov.
·
Tirana was founded in 1614 by Sulejman
Pasha from the village of Mullet. In the beginning, he built a mosque,
a bakery and a Turkish sauna. Two centuries later the city was led by
the Toptani family from Kruja.
· There
ecxists four theories about the
origins of the name
Tirana
1-
It is thought that Tirana comes from the
word Theranda found in ancient Greek and Latin sources because those
living there called it Tė ranat ("fallen material"),
because the plain was formed as a result of the strong materials which
were brought by the water from the surrounding mountains.
2- Tirana comes from Tirkan. Tirkan was
a castle on the face of mount Dajti. The
ruins of this ancient castle still exist,
wich dates back to the beginning of the
first century before the birth of Christ,
and wich is thought to have been the
castle wich the Byzantine historian
named Prokop (6th century) called the
castle of Tirkan.
3-
Tirana comes from Teheran, the capital of Iran, in remembrance
of the victory by Sulejman Pasha (founder of the city), head of the
Turkish
army during the campaign in Persia.
4-
An old Tirana tale says that Sulejman Pasha took the name of
the city from an old lady whom he had met at the site where he was
going to build the city. When Sulejman Pasha asked the old lady what
she was doing, she answered: Po tir an (meaning "spinning
silk").
·
The first district in Tirana was Bami.
·
The mosque in the centre of Tirana,
called Ethem Bey, began to be built in 1789 by Molla Bey, who came
from Petrela and was finished in 1821 by his son, Haxhi Ethem Bey,
great-grandson of Sulejman Pasha. The best artisans in Albania built
it.
·
The clock tower was begun by Haxhi
Ethem Bey around 1821-1822 and
was finished with the help of rich
Tirana families. Theinstallation of the
clock was done by Tufina family.
In 1928 the Albanian state bought a
modern clock in Gemany and the tower
was raised to a height of 35m. During
the Second World War the clock was
damaged but was restored to operation
in July 1946.
·
The Tabak bridge (in front of the
Albanian parliament) dates back to the 18th century.
·
The holy tomb of Kapllan Pasha (near the
Unknown Soldier monument) was built in 1816.
·
The fortress of Petrela is located 12km
from Tirana and dates back to the 4th century BC. Its current
architecture is from the 13th century
during
the domination of Topia tribe, and later on it became the property of
the Kastriot family.
·
Mount Dajti is 1612 m high and is
situated on the east of Tirana.
·
Tirana was declared a temporary capital
for the first time on February 8th 1920 by the Congress of Lushnja and
it gained this status
permanently
on December 31st 1925.
·
Tirana has been the worlds Bektashi
headquarters since 1925, when the Bektashis were banned and expelled
from Turkey
·
The Durres Road was constructed in
1922 and was called:
« Nana Mbretneshė » (Queen Mother).
A lot of houses and gardens were
destroed for it's construction.
·
The current Parliament building was built
in 1924 and first served as an officers club. There on the 1st of
September Ahmet Zogu
declared
the monarchy.
·
The centre of Tirana was planned in the
beginning of the 1930s by the well-known Italian architects of the
Mussolini period, Florestano de
Fausto
and Armando Brasini. The Palace of Brigadiers (ex-royal palace),
Ministry buildings, National Bank and the Town Hall are their work.
·
The boulevard "Deshmoret e Kombit"
(Martyrs of the Nation) was built in 1930 and it was named Boulevard
Zog I. During the period of communism, the part of the boulevard
between Scanderbeg square and the train station was named
"Stalin" Boulevard.
·
The Palace of Culture, the location of
The Theatre of Opera and Ballet and the National Library, was finished
in 1963. It was built over the former Tirana bazaar and Khrushchev
laid the first brick in 1959.
·
The monument of Scanderbeg was
built in 1968. It is a work of Odhise Paskali with the collaboration
of Andrea Mano and Janaq Pano. It
was put up on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the death of
our national hero.
·
The monument "Nena Shqiperi"
(Mother Albania), 12 m tall, was inaugurated in the "Deshmoret e
Kombit" cemetery in 1971.
·
The Academy of Sciences was finished in
April 1972.
·
The National Art Gallery was opened in
1976 and it includes about 3200 works of Albanian and foreign artists.
·
The National History museum was built in
1981 and the mosaic on the front of the building is titled
"Albania".
·
The International Centre of Culture,
formerly the mausoleum of Enver Hoxha was inaugurated in 1988. It was
designed by a group of architects under the direction of Pranvera
Hoxha and Klement Kolaneci.
·
Tirana had 4000 inhabitants in the
17-th Century. 17000 inhabitants in 1920.
25000 inhabitants in 1938. 40000 inhabitants
in 1945. 250000 inhabitants in 1990.
Actually, because of the free movement
of the population, the number of
the inhabitants in the Capital City is
estimated over 700.000
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